Environmental impact of plastic-based menstrual products in Kenya

Abstract

Globally, approximately 1.8 billion women of reproductive age menstruate monthly, generating significant waste from disposable menstrual products, which are primarily made of plastic and contain harmful chemicals. These products can release toxic substances, including endocrine disruptors and carcinogens, raising concerns about their environmental impact. The purpose of this study was to evaluate consumer awareness of the environmental risks associated with plastic-based menstrual products and to promote sustainable alternatives to reduce waste and pollution. The objective of this study was to assess the level of concern about impact of commercial plastic-based menstrual product waste on the environment. The study adopted a quantitative approach and descriptive survey design to collect data on the level of concern about impact of plastic-based menstrual products on the environment. Quantitative data was gathered using questionnaires distributed to randomly selected secondary school girls in boarding schools at National, Extra- County and County level in Homa-Bay County, Kenya. Data was collected from 930 students which formed 30% of the students in three selected schools. Quality control was ensured using both validity and reliability of the data collection instruments. The findings suggest that there is a high level of awareness and concern among the majority of respondents regarding the environmental consequences of plastic menstrual product waste. The high level of concern may indicate a potential demand for more sustainable alternatives and could influence future product development and environmental policies related to menstrual products. This may encourage policymakers to address these concerns through regulations or initiatives aimed at promoting safer alternatives. The study recommends promotion of sustainable menstrual product alternatives such as menstrual cups, reusable pads, and period underwear which can significantly reduce plastic waste and environmental impact; manufacturers invest in research and development of safer, sustainable alternatives and stakeholders—including policymakers, manufacturers, and advocacy groups—collaborate to implement comprehensive awareness campaigns that educate consumers about the benefits and availability of sustainable option.